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Sicong (Zone) Liu
Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 
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Short Biography
Sicong (Zone) Liu is a Postdoctoral Associate in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences in the Duke University School of Medicine. He received a B.S. (Class 2010) in Psychology from Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, and came to the U.S. for graduate education with the Presidential University Fellowship from the Florida State University. Through the seven years of training at FSU, Sicong received a Masters (2013) and a Ph.D. (2018) in Sports, Performance, and Exercise Psychology, and a second Masters in Measurement & Statistics (2015).
At Duke, Dr. Liu is a member of the Brain Stimulation Division of Psychiatry, where he leads multiple research projects supported by US Army Research Office and National Institute of Health in the Human Performance Optimization lab (Opti Lab), the Duke immersive Virtual Environment (DiVE), and the Brain Stimulation Research Center. Dr. Liu’s research is focused on applying theoretical, technological, and neuroscience-based innovations to solving real-world problems, particularly in the subject of optimizing human movement and performance among athletes, surgeons, soldiers, and law enforcement. Dr. Liu’s research builds on his background in visual-motor expertise, electroencephalogram (EEG), gaze/motion-tracking, VR, and brain stimulation. For example, he led a bi-center, pre-registered, randomized, and placebo-controlled project in testing vision-based baseball training programs at Duke and Indiana University and found positive training transfer to batters’ performance. He also led a project identifying EEG-based biomarkers of shooting performance in a virtual-reality (VR) task of the Olympic trap shooting. Moreover, Dr. Liu’s computational and programming expertise supports his work in developing machine learning approaches (e.g., Bayesian Network) and APP-based modeling in realizing his applied interest in studying human skill training and performance. For instance, he is a member of a leader group in the 2020 Duke Data+ program, and is working on developing statistical models and webpage-based APPs in a collaboration with the USA Baseball.
At Duke, Dr. Liu is a member of the Brain Stimulation Division of Psychiatry, where he leads multiple research projects supported by US Army Research Office and National Institute of Health in the Human Performance Optimization lab (Opti Lab), the Duke immersive Virtual Environment (DiVE), and the Brain Stimulation Research Center. Dr. Liu’s research is focused on applying theoretical, technological, and neuroscience-based innovations to solving real-world problems, particularly in the subject of optimizing human movement and performance among athletes, surgeons, soldiers, and law enforcement. Dr. Liu’s research builds on his background in visual-motor expertise, electroencephalogram (EEG), gaze/motion-tracking, VR, and brain stimulation. For example, he led a bi-center, pre-registered, randomized, and placebo-controlled project in testing vision-based baseball training programs at Duke and Indiana University and found positive training transfer to batters’ performance. He also led a project identifying EEG-based biomarkers of shooting performance in a virtual-reality (VR) task of the Olympic trap shooting. Moreover, Dr. Liu’s computational and programming expertise supports his work in developing machine learning approaches (e.g., Bayesian Network) and APP-based modeling in realizing his applied interest in studying human skill training and performance. For instance, he is a member of a leader group in the 2020 Duke Data+ program, and is working on developing statistical models and webpage-based APPs in a collaboration with the USA Baseball.
List of Publications
Refereed Journal Publications
1. Gamboa Arana, O. L., Palmer, H., Dannhauer, M., Hile, C., Liu, S., Hamdan, R., Britto,A., Cabeza, R., Davis, S. W., Peterchev, A. V., Sommer, M. A., & Appelbaum, L. G. (In Press). Intensity- and timing-dependent modulation of motion perception with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex. Neuropsychologia. Preprint at bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.151118 [PDF]
2. Liu, S., Ferris, L. M., Hilbig, S., Asamoa, E., LaRue, J., Lyon, D. W., Port, N., Appelbaum, L. G. (In Press). Dynamic vision training transfers positively to batting practice performance among collegiate baseball batters. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. Preprint at bioRxiv 2020.02.12.945824; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.945824 [PDF]
3. Liu, S., Edmunds, F., Burris, K., & Appelbaum, G. L. (2020). Visual and oculomotor abilities contribute to batting performance among professional baseball batters. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1777819 [PDF]
4. Gamboa Arana, O. L., Brito, A., Abzug, Z., D’Arbeloff, T., Beynel, L., Wing, E. A., Dannhauer, M., Palmer, H., Hilbig, S. A., Crowell, C. A., Liu, S., Donaldson, R., Cabeza, R., Davis, S. W., Peterchev, A. V., Sommer, M. A., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2020). Application of long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to motion-sensitive visual cortex does not lead to changes in motion discrimination. Neuroscience Letters, 135022. [PDF]
5. Burris, K., Liu, S., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2019) Visual-motor expertise in athletes: Insights from semiparametric modeling of 2317 athletes tested on the Nike Sensory Station. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(3), 320-329. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1698090 [PDF]
6. Liu, S., Boiangin, N., Meir, G., Shaffer, K. A., Lebeau, J.-C., Basevitch, I., & Tenenbaum, G. (2019). Ironic and overcompensating processes under avoidance instructions in motor tasks: An attention imbalance model with golf-putting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 45(12), 1596–1613. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000688 [PDF]
7. Song, T.-F., Chen, F.-T., Chu, C.-H., Lin, C., Liu, S., & Chang, Y.-K. (2017). Obesity and cardiovascular fitness associated with inhibition of executive function: An ERP study. Physical Education Journal, 50(1), 43-56. doi: 10.3966/102472972017035001004 [PDF]
8. Liu, S., Ritchie, J., Sáenz-Moncaleano, C., Ward, S. K., Paulsen, C., Klein, T., Gutierrez, O., & Tenenbaum, G. (2017). 3D technology of Sony Bloggie does not benefit decision-making of tennis serve direction: A randomized placebo-controlled study. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(5), 603-610. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1301561 [PDF]
9. Lebeau, J.-C., Liu, S., Sáenz-Moncaleano, C., Sanduvete-Chaves, S., Chacón-Moscoso, S., Becker, B. J., & Tenenbaum, G. (2016). Quiet eye and performance in sport: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 38(5), 441-457. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2015-0123 [PDF]
10. Liu, S., Lebeau, J.-C., & Tenenbaum, G. (2016). Does exercise improve cognitive performance? A conservative message from Lord's paradox. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1092. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01092 [PDF]
11. Hu, G, Liu, S., & Xu, B. (2016). An experimental study on the robust golf-putting performance under distracting situation from analogy motor learning. Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology, 22(2), 137-144. [PDF]
12. Liu, S., Eklund, R. C., & Tenenbaum. G. (2015). Time pressure and attention allocation effect on upper limb motion steadiness. Journal of Motor Behavior, 47(4), 271-281. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2014.977764 [PDF]
Chapters
1. Liu, S. & Tenenbaum, G. (2018). Research methods in sport and exercise psychology. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Oxford University Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.224 [PDF]
Manuscripts Under Review/Revision
1. Liu, S., Donaldson, R., Subramaniam, A., Palmer, H., Champion, C. D., Cox, M., & Appelbaum, L. G. Skill acquisition and gaze behavior during laparoscopic surgical simulation. Preprint at bioRxiv 2020.07.17.206763 [PDF]
2. Liu, S., Folstein, J. R., Appelbaum, L. G., & Tenenbaum, G. The mechanism of controlling unwanted intrusive thoughts: A randomized controlled study with choking experiences in athletes. Preprint at psyArXiv. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/rb24j [PDF]
3. Donaldson R., Liu, S., & Appelbaum, L. G. Can electricity help surgeons’ brains learn faster? Frontiers for Young Minds.
4. Clements, J. M., Liu, S., Kirsch, E. P., Rao, H. M., Zielinski, D. J., Lu, Y., Mainsah, B. O., Potter, N. D., Sommer, M. A., Kopper, R., & Appelbaum, L. G. Simulation Neuroscience: Predictive biomarkers and psychophysiological learning during simulated marksmanship in immersive virtual reality.
Technical/Psychometric Reports
1. Schoen, R. C., Yang, X., Liu, S., & Paek, I. (2018). Psychometric report on the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions test administered to elementary educators in six states in fall 2016. (Research Report No. 2018-12.) Tallahassee, FL: Learning Systems Institute, Florida State University. doi: 10.17125/fsu.1531453537 [PDF]
2. Schoen, C. R., Liu, S., Yang, X., & Paek, I. (2017). Psychometric report on the Early Fraction Test administered to the third- and forth-grade Students in fall 2016. (Research Report No. 2017–10.) Tallahassee, FL: Learning Systems Institute, Florida State University. doi: 10.17125/fsu.1512509662 [PDF]
3. Schoen, C. R., Yang, X., Liu, S., & Paek, I. (2017). Psychometric report on the Early Fractions Test (Version 2.2) administered to third- and fourth-grade students in spring 2017. (Research Report No. 2017-11.) Tallahassee, FL: Learning Systems Institute, Florida State University. doi: 10.17125/fsu.1522698235 [PDF]
Popular Press Interviews
1. Weir, K. (March, 2019). The athletic brain: The Sport & Exercise Psychology Lab at Florida State University takes an in-depth look at athletes’ cognitive processes. Monitor on Psychology, 50(3), 56-59. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/03/athletic-brain
Trial Pre-Registration
1. Appelbaum, L. G., Liu, S., Hilbig, S., Rankin, K., Naclario, M., Asamoa, E., … Burris, K. (2018, September 28). Sports Vision Training in Collegiate Baseball Batters. Retrieved from osf.io/jxh8u
1. Gamboa Arana, O. L., Palmer, H., Dannhauer, M., Hile, C., Liu, S., Hamdan, R., Britto,A., Cabeza, R., Davis, S. W., Peterchev, A. V., Sommer, M. A., & Appelbaum, L. G. (In Press). Intensity- and timing-dependent modulation of motion perception with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex. Neuropsychologia. Preprint at bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.151118 [PDF]
2. Liu, S., Ferris, L. M., Hilbig, S., Asamoa, E., LaRue, J., Lyon, D. W., Port, N., Appelbaum, L. G. (In Press). Dynamic vision training transfers positively to batting practice performance among collegiate baseball batters. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. Preprint at bioRxiv 2020.02.12.945824; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.945824 [PDF]
3. Liu, S., Edmunds, F., Burris, K., & Appelbaum, G. L. (2020). Visual and oculomotor abilities contribute to batting performance among professional baseball batters. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1777819 [PDF]
4. Gamboa Arana, O. L., Brito, A., Abzug, Z., D’Arbeloff, T., Beynel, L., Wing, E. A., Dannhauer, M., Palmer, H., Hilbig, S. A., Crowell, C. A., Liu, S., Donaldson, R., Cabeza, R., Davis, S. W., Peterchev, A. V., Sommer, M. A., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2020). Application of long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to motion-sensitive visual cortex does not lead to changes in motion discrimination. Neuroscience Letters, 135022. [PDF]
5. Burris, K., Liu, S., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2019) Visual-motor expertise in athletes: Insights from semiparametric modeling of 2317 athletes tested on the Nike Sensory Station. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(3), 320-329. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1698090 [PDF]
6. Liu, S., Boiangin, N., Meir, G., Shaffer, K. A., Lebeau, J.-C., Basevitch, I., & Tenenbaum, G. (2019). Ironic and overcompensating processes under avoidance instructions in motor tasks: An attention imbalance model with golf-putting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 45(12), 1596–1613. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000688 [PDF]
7. Song, T.-F., Chen, F.-T., Chu, C.-H., Lin, C., Liu, S., & Chang, Y.-K. (2017). Obesity and cardiovascular fitness associated with inhibition of executive function: An ERP study. Physical Education Journal, 50(1), 43-56. doi: 10.3966/102472972017035001004 [PDF]
8. Liu, S., Ritchie, J., Sáenz-Moncaleano, C., Ward, S. K., Paulsen, C., Klein, T., Gutierrez, O., & Tenenbaum, G. (2017). 3D technology of Sony Bloggie does not benefit decision-making of tennis serve direction: A randomized placebo-controlled study. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(5), 603-610. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1301561 [PDF]
9. Lebeau, J.-C., Liu, S., Sáenz-Moncaleano, C., Sanduvete-Chaves, S., Chacón-Moscoso, S., Becker, B. J., & Tenenbaum, G. (2016). Quiet eye and performance in sport: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 38(5), 441-457. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2015-0123 [PDF]
10. Liu, S., Lebeau, J.-C., & Tenenbaum, G. (2016). Does exercise improve cognitive performance? A conservative message from Lord's paradox. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1092. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01092 [PDF]
11. Hu, G, Liu, S., & Xu, B. (2016). An experimental study on the robust golf-putting performance under distracting situation from analogy motor learning. Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology, 22(2), 137-144. [PDF]
12. Liu, S., Eklund, R. C., & Tenenbaum. G. (2015). Time pressure and attention allocation effect on upper limb motion steadiness. Journal of Motor Behavior, 47(4), 271-281. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2014.977764 [PDF]
Chapters
1. Liu, S. & Tenenbaum, G. (2018). Research methods in sport and exercise psychology. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Oxford University Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.224 [PDF]
Manuscripts Under Review/Revision
1. Liu, S., Donaldson, R., Subramaniam, A., Palmer, H., Champion, C. D., Cox, M., & Appelbaum, L. G. Skill acquisition and gaze behavior during laparoscopic surgical simulation. Preprint at bioRxiv 2020.07.17.206763 [PDF]
2. Liu, S., Folstein, J. R., Appelbaum, L. G., & Tenenbaum, G. The mechanism of controlling unwanted intrusive thoughts: A randomized controlled study with choking experiences in athletes. Preprint at psyArXiv. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/rb24j [PDF]
3. Donaldson R., Liu, S., & Appelbaum, L. G. Can electricity help surgeons’ brains learn faster? Frontiers for Young Minds.
4. Clements, J. M., Liu, S., Kirsch, E. P., Rao, H. M., Zielinski, D. J., Lu, Y., Mainsah, B. O., Potter, N. D., Sommer, M. A., Kopper, R., & Appelbaum, L. G. Simulation Neuroscience: Predictive biomarkers and psychophysiological learning during simulated marksmanship in immersive virtual reality.
Technical/Psychometric Reports
1. Schoen, R. C., Yang, X., Liu, S., & Paek, I. (2018). Psychometric report on the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions test administered to elementary educators in six states in fall 2016. (Research Report No. 2018-12.) Tallahassee, FL: Learning Systems Institute, Florida State University. doi: 10.17125/fsu.1531453537 [PDF]
2. Schoen, C. R., Liu, S., Yang, X., & Paek, I. (2017). Psychometric report on the Early Fraction Test administered to the third- and forth-grade Students in fall 2016. (Research Report No. 2017–10.) Tallahassee, FL: Learning Systems Institute, Florida State University. doi: 10.17125/fsu.1512509662 [PDF]
3. Schoen, C. R., Yang, X., Liu, S., & Paek, I. (2017). Psychometric report on the Early Fractions Test (Version 2.2) administered to third- and fourth-grade students in spring 2017. (Research Report No. 2017-11.) Tallahassee, FL: Learning Systems Institute, Florida State University. doi: 10.17125/fsu.1522698235 [PDF]
Popular Press Interviews
1. Weir, K. (March, 2019). The athletic brain: The Sport & Exercise Psychology Lab at Florida State University takes an in-depth look at athletes’ cognitive processes. Monitor on Psychology, 50(3), 56-59. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/03/athletic-brain
Trial Pre-Registration
1. Appelbaum, L. G., Liu, S., Hilbig, S., Rankin, K., Naclario, M., Asamoa, E., … Burris, K. (2018, September 28). Sports Vision Training in Collegiate Baseball Batters. Retrieved from osf.io/jxh8u